What is Fluency?
Fluency refers to the smooth, effortless flow of speech. When a child speaks fluently, their speech flows naturally without frequent pauses, repetitions, or disruptions.

What is a Fluency Disorder?
A fluency disorder occurs when there are frequent interruptions in the flow of speech. These disruptions are known as disfluencies and may include:

• Repeating sounds, syllables, or words (e.g., "I-I-I want that")

• Prolonging sounds (e.g., "Ssssssometimes we go")

• Blocking or getting stuck on a word (no sound comes out)

What’s Typical?  What’s Not?

Developmental Disfluency (Typical)

Stuttering (May Need Support)

Appears between ages 2-5

Disfluencies come and go

Child is unaware or unbothered

Mostly repeats whole words or phrases (e.g. can I… can I… can I go outside?)

Fewer than 10 disfluencies per 100 words

May begin at any age

Disfluencies persist or worsen

Child may show frustration or avoidance

Frequency sound/syllable repetitions, blocks, or prolonged sounds

More than 10 disfluencies per 100 words

Per "Stuttering: An Integrated Approach to Its Nature and Treatment: 4th Edition" by Dr. Barry Guitar (2014), normal disfluency can vary greatly as children are learning to communicate and master their way to adult speech/language competency. Research suggests that children swing back and forth in the degree of their disfluency which may be associated with language development, motor learning, or other developmental or environmental influences (e.g.: life changes, emotional stressors, etc.). Episodic increases and decreases in disfluency are common throughout childhood.

So when should I reach out to a speech-language pathologist? Early support can make a big difference! Give us a call if you notice any of the following:

• Stuttering that lasts longer than 6 months

• Increased tension, frustration, or struggle during speaking

• Avoidance of talking or changes in facial/body movements while speaking

• A family history of stuttering

Important to Know

• Stuttering is no one’s fault—it is a neurological difference, not caused by parenting or anxiety.

• Many children recover naturally, but some need support from a speech therapist to build confidence and ease communication.

• Supportive listening, patience, and a low-pressure speaking environment can help your child feel more comfortable.

Our voices are essential tools for communication, self-expression, and connection with others. Vocal hygiene is defined as the habits and practices that keep your voice healthy. It’s crucial for people of all ages.

Why Is Vocal Hygiene Important?

Your voice relies on the vocal cords (or vocal folds), which are delicate tissues located in your throat. Overuse, misuse, or exposure to irritants can strain or damage these tissues, leading to hoarseness, discomfort, or even long-term vocal issues. Proper vocal hygiene helps prevent these problems, supports recovery if your voice is strained, and enhances overall vocal health.

Vocal Hygiene Strategies for Everyone

1. Stay Hydrated

·      Keeping your vocal cords hydrated is one of the most important steps in vocal care. Drink plenty of water and eating hydrating foods throughout the day to ensure your vocal cords remain lubricated and flexible.

2. Avoid Vocal Strain

• Speak at a comfortable volume and pitch – excessive yelling OR whispering can strain your voice.

• Take vocal breaks: Rest your voice when possible, especially if you’ve been using it heavily or plan to use it heavily in the future.

3. Manage Your Environment

• Avoid irritants: Stay away from smoking, secondhand smoke, and strong chemical fumes that can irritate your throat and vocal cords.

• Monitor air quality: Use a humidifier in dry environments to keep your throat and vocal cords moist, especially in winter or when using air conditioning.

4. Practice Healthy Habits

• Warm up your voice: If you’re about to sing, present, or speak for an extended period, do vocal warm-ups to prepare your voice.

• Practice good posture: Proper posture supports good breath control, which is essential for healthy vocal use.

• Avoid throat clearing: Throat clearing can irritate your vocal cords. Instead, sip water or swallow to address the sensation.

• Relax! Tense posture and breathing can also result in tension around your voice box.

5. Eat and Drink Wisely

• Avoid dehydrating substances: Limit caffeine and alcohol, as they can dehydrate your body and vocal cords.

• Be cautious with dairy, starchy, and spicy foods, all of which may irritate your vocal cords. Eating smaller meals and avoiding late-night snacks can also help.

• Avoid menthol or eucalyptus based lozenges, as these ingredients can be drying.

Special Considerations for Different Age Groups

For Children: Encourage kids to use their "inside voices" and take breaks from yelling during play. Teach them fun breathing exercises to build good vocal habits early on.

For Teens and Adults: Teens may develop poor vocal habits, especially during social interactions or extracurricular activities like sports and theater. Encourage vocal rest and proper hydration.

For Seniors: Aging can naturally affect the tissue in/around the vocal cords, making voice sound weaker or more breathy. Seniors should stay hydrated, maintain good posture, and consider vocal exercises to strengthen their voice.

Seek Help for Vocal Problems

If you experience persistent hoarseness, discomfort, or loss of voice, don’t hesitate to reach out with questions. Discuss with your primary care provider as a consultation with an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist may also be warranted.